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Discover perspectives and analyses to deepen your understanding.
How many Direct Reports? How-4 to analyse the ‘Span of Control’ from different perspectives.
In its “traditional” calculation, the concept of “Span of Control” refers to the number of subordinates a manager…
Complexity, Disengagement, Productivity and Cooperation. There is a solution.
Firms are facing an increasingly complex world. Technologies and Globalization have opened up new markets and enabled new…
How to identify, recruit, develop and retain the best people in the organization?
It is quite common that a few key roles have a particularly strong impact on the overall company success. In the…
Making collaboration work across functions
Digital technology is penetrating the labor force, but, although many consumers have already gone digital, the digitization of…
Gaining High Performance with Organizational Intelligence
Without a full organization coordination, it is common to have inefficiencies, wasted man hours, lost sales and unfulfilled…
Organizations Innovate by cultivating Informal Networks
Within the organization, people build and maintain personal networks. When it comes to ask colleagues how they might handle…
A new Tool for Measuring Generation Z Engagement
Generation Z and Millennials have been entering the workforce, bringing change. They are challenging the way the work…
Organizational Network Analysis Tools are drivers for People and Business Success
New organizational balances and structures are making their way in companies following the digital revolution. To help organizations…
Who are your “Go-To” People?
Every organization has its “go-to” people, people in any department who can answer any question. They are people with…
The Top 5 Organizational Network Analysis (ONA) Tools to Watch in 2025
If you’re looking to improve collaboration, identify informal leaders, or redesign how your organization really works, Organizational Network Analysis…
🔍 How does a company really work?
From the experience gained with HOW4 in analyzing the relational networks of medium-to-large companies, a fact emerges that is little…
Why focusing on Employee Experience?
Today companies are dealing with generations – from Millennials to Generation Z – who have grown up in…
Accelerating the Digital Transformation with Organizational Network Analysis
According to Harvard Business Review “since 2000, 52 percent of companies in the Fortune 500 have either gone…
AI and the Span of Control: Why Graicunas Still Matters
A New Debate on AI and Management Everywhere we look, articles promise that AI will radically transform management.…
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